Night By Elie Wiesel Essays (665 words) - Human Rights Abuses

Night By Elie Wiesel "Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never." -Elie Wiesel The Holocaust-the mass murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II. It was the unthinkable, the horrific murder of 6 million Jews and millions of civilians of different ethnic and racial backgrouds. It was average men entering the German army and turned into Nazis, cold-blooded killers. It was the connotation of Holocaust which became Night, by Elie Wiesel. This paints a picture, full of vivid imagery and truth, about the genocide of his own people. Elie witnesses the starvation, brutal beating, and eventual death of his friends, family, and fellow Jews. Wiesel, himself, survived Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald, and Gleiwitz, all German concentration camps, where atrocities such as cremation and murder hung thickly in the air like a heavy cologne. Born September 30, 1928, Eliezer Wiesel led a life representative of many Jewish children. Growing up in a small village in Romania, his world revolved around family, religious study, community, and God. Yet his family, community, and his innocent faith were destroyed upon the deportation of his village in 1944. One of the main topics in this book is how Elie, a boy of strong religious faith, along with many of his fellow jews, lose their faith in God due to the horrific effects of the concentration camps. Elie Wiesel lived his early childhood in the town of Transylvania, in Hungary, during the early 1940s. At a young age, Elie took a strong interest in Jewish religion, while he spent most of his time studying the Talmud. Eventually he makes aquaintances with Moshe the Beadle who takes Elie under his wing, and also instructs him more in depth of the ways of the Talmud and cabbala. Elie is taught to question God for answers through Moshe's instruction. Moshe is sent away to a concentration camp, and upon his return, Elie finds that he has changed dramatically. This is a foreshadowing of what will become of Elie's faith in the strength and power of God. "Moshe had changed...He no longer talked to me of God or the cabbala, but only of what he had seen."(4) The first evidence of Elie's loss of faith, is while he questions God during the selection process. This process is concerned with separating the young, strong, and healthy Jews, from the old, weak, sickly, and/or infants. The Jews were separated from their loved ones who were immediately sent to the crematory or burned in large fire pits. Elie says goodbye to his mother and sister, unknowing that it will be the last time that he will ever see them again. Many of his fellow Jews began to pray and recite the Kaddish, a Jewish prayer for the dead, with hopes to console their own grievances for the loss they had suffered. However, Elie questions, "Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful and Terrible, was silent. What had I to thank Him for?"(31) Elie witnesses a load of children being dumped into a pit of flames which he labels as the "Angel of Death," and at this point, the diminishing effects of the first night of camp life are already taking a toll on Elie's religious faith and personal self-worth. The final deterioration of Elie's idea of God, where he renounces all belief in His existence, is during the funeral of 3 Jewish males who were hanged the day before. One of whom was a child, so mere in weight, whom struggle.

Using Historic Context in Analysis and Interpretation

Using Historic Context in Analysis and Interpretation Historical context is an important part of life and literature and without it, memories, stories, and characters have less meaning. What exactly is historical context? Its essentially  the details that surround an occurrence. In more technical terms, historical context refers to the social, religious, economic, and political conditions that existed during a certain time and place. Basically, its all the details of the time and place in which a situation occurs, and those details are what enable us to interpret and analyze works or events of the past, or even the future, rather than merely judge them by contemporary standards. In literature, a strong understanding of the historical context behind a works creation can give us a better understanding of and appreciation for the narrative. In analyzing historical events, context can help us understand what motivates people to behave as they did. Put another way, context is what gives meaning to the details. Its important, however, that you dont confuse context with cause. Cause is the action that creates an outcome; context is the environment in which that action and outcome occur.   Words and Deeds Whether dealing with fact or fiction, historical context is important when interpreting behavior and speech. Consider the following sentence which, devoid of context, sounds innocent enough: Sally hid her hands behind her back and crossed her fingers before she answered. But imagine that this statement comes from a transcript of court documents in Salem, Mass., in 1692, during the famed Salem Witch Trials. Religious fervor was at an extreme, and villagers were nearly obsessed with the devil and witchcraft. At that time, if a young woman were to tell a lie, it was fodder for hysteria and a violent reaction. A reader would assume that poor Sally was a candidate for the gallows. Now, imagine youre reading a letter from a mother that contains this sentence: My daughter will be heading to California shortly after she marries. How much information does this statement give us? Not much, until we consider when it was written. Should we discover that the letter was written in 1849, we will realize that one sentence can sometimes say a lot. A young woman heading for California in 1849 might be following her husband on a treacherous treasure-seeking expedition for the gold rush. This mother would probably be quite fearful for her child, and she would know that it would be a very long time before shed see her daughter again, if ever.   Bettmann/Getty Images Historical Context in Literature   No work of literature can be fully appreciated or understood without historical context. What may seem nonsensical or even offensive to contemporary sensibilities, might actually  be interpreted in a completely different manner by considering the era it is from. A good example is Mark Twains  Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, published in 1885. It is considered an enduring work of American literature and a biting social satire. But it is also criticized by modern critics for its casual use of a racial epithet to describe Hucks friend Jim, an escaped slave. Such language is shocking and offensive to many readers today, but in the context of the day, it was​ the commonplace language for many. Back in the mid-1880s, when attitudes toward the newly liberated African-American slaves were often indifferent at best and hostile at worst, the casual use of such racial epithets wouldnt have been considered unusual. In fact, what is actually more surprising, given the historical context of when the novel was written, is Hucks treating Jim not as his inferior but as his equal- something rarely portrayed in the literature of the time. Similarly, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein  cannot be fully appreciated by a reader who is unaware of the Romantic movement that took place in art and literature in the early 19th century. It was a time of rapid social and political upheaval in Europe when lives were transformed by the technological disruptions of the Industrial Age.   The Romantics captured the publics sense of isolation and fear that many experienced as a result of these social changes. Frankenstein becomes more than a good monster story, it becomes an allegory for how technology can destroy us.   Other Uses of Historical Context Scholars and educators rely on historical context to analyze and interpret works of art, literature, music, dance, and poetry. Architects and builders rely on it when designing new structures and restoring existing buildings. Judges may use it to interpret the law, historians to understand the past. Any time critical analysis is required, you may need to consider historical context as well. Without historical context, we are only seeing a piece of the scene and not fully understanding the influence of the time and place in which a situation occurred.

Legal Relationship with Powers and its Legal Issues and Implications Essay

Legal Relationship with Powers and its Legal Issues and Implications - Essay Example In my opinion, the relationship is not a limited partnership as Powers played an active role in the management of the computer business. In Ontario, limited liability partnerships can only be used for carrying on a profession, where statute permits. Examples include lawyers and accountants (Shani, 5). The relationship between Lawrence and Powers is thus not a limited liability partnership as they are not in a profession such as doctors and lawyers but rather entrepreneurs in the copier and computer renting business. A partnership is a relation that subsists between persons-individuals or corporations-carrying on a business in common with a view to profit (Shani, 2). A partnership can be a formal relationship (that is, express partnership agreement) or an informal relationship. The court may hold that the relationship is a partnership even if the parties don't realize they are in a partnership (deemed partnership) (Shani, 3). But the receipt of such a share or payment, contingent on or varying with the profits of a business, does not of itself make the person a partner in the business, and in particular, a contract for the remuneration of a servant or agent or a person engaged in a business by a share of the profits of the business does not of itself make the servant or agent a partner in the business or liable as such (Shani, 8). Lawrence told Powers, "If you will agree to operate the new computers, I can pay you more by sharing the profits from that branch of our new business with you." Powers agreed. Hence, there is a relationship that subsists between Lawrence and Powers to carry on the personal computers renting business with a view to profit. However, more information is needed as to whether there is an employment contract between Lawrence and Powers that makes him a servant or an agent. The relationship between Lawrence and Powers for the personal computer renting branch of the business is assumed to be a partnership since there was no mention of contract by Lawrence. Even if Powers is not aware that his relationship with Lawrence is a partnership, the court may construe otherwise. Where there is no partnership agreement, the partnership is governed by the Partnerships Act (Shani, 5). The Partnership Act sets out the fiduciary duty of partners. No partner is allowed to incur secret benefits - that is, each partner must account for all benefits received by him/her personally from any transaction arising from the use of the partnership's name, property or business connections - if he/she fails to get permission of his/her partners beforehand, the benefit then belongs to the partnership (Shani, 6). Applying the law to the case, Powers purchases the computers from Intelli Inc., an office equipment and supply company of which shares are held by Hugh Powers mother and father. Powers has incurred secret benefits because the purchase price of the computers entered into by Powers was at the manufacturers suggested retail price and did not reflect any form of volume discount, even though volume discounts were routinely given by

Life as a midwife (personal writing) Coursework

Life as a midwife (personal writing) - Coursework Example I was immediately roused from slumber and tried to grope for light from my bedside table. The clock ticked 2:05. Someone needs me! I rushed to peek through the hole who was bashing at this wee hour of the morning. I recognized my neighbor, Michael, a young adult barely out of his teens, who reportedly married his beautiful sweetheart, Christine, also in her teens because she was already three months’ pregnant then. Seems just like yesterday, I realized, six months have passed and it must have been the right time for the baby to come. â€Å"Sorry to disturb you madam but the baby is coming! Christine is in labor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Michael quipped. â€Å"Ok, I will be right there!† I replied. As I rushed to get my delivery equipment that is always prepared and ready. It only took me less than 5 minutes to put on a jacket on top of night clothes and don a slip on to prod me on my way. I knew the house as I pass there practically everyday. I give Christine her much needed and regular prenatal counseling to prepare her for the anticipated delivery of their first child. As I entered, the house was well lit and warm due to the intense feeling and emotions of the residents. Despite its meager surroundings, the atmosphere exuded of warmth, love and affection as if enveloping every visitor with an affectionate embrace. There was an aroma of coffee brewing by the kitchen door, supposedly where Michael was patiently waiting before the family decided to call me. Christine’s mother was at her bedside trying to comfort her, providing a wet, damp cloth to wipe her perspiration. When I arrived, Christine was already fully dilated. She was in intermittent pain and trying to keep her voice down as I prepared everything needed for the delivery. A midwife needs to be effective and competent in approach and in ensuring that the health of both the mother and the newborn child are not compromised. The delivery process was fast, precise and efficient. Before 3:00 a.m. , both Michael and Christine are proud parents of a healthy and equally beautiful baby girl. The small, crisp cries from the newborn reverberate through the silence of the night. Proper procedures were followed to clean and prepare the endorsement of the fragile baby to her proud mother, who was tired but obviously very happy and relieved. Michael was likewise pleased and beaming father assisting Christine to a more comfortable state with clean clothes being worn and freshly washed flowery beddings changed to ease both mother and baby to a blissful sleep. Life of a midwife is challenging but rewarding. I got the chance to remunerate on the training I had to go through as well as the role and responsibilities of my profession. According to NHS, â€Å"midwives often describe their job as 'privileged'. The role they have in preparing women for the delivery of new life makes them a vital presence during all stages of pregnancy, labour and the early postnatal period† (par. 1). Dur ing my training, I recognized the significant role of midwifes in child delivery in the United Kingdom (UK) where 75% of births have been acknowledged to have their physical presence (Giving Birth Naturally, par. 2). Because of the primary importance of midwives’ competencies in antenatal, labor, postnatal and neonatal care, the training and compliance with the pre-registration courses are required. I clearly remember my application to the

Generalized anxiety disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Generalized anxiety disorder - Essay Example Prior to the conclusion, the researcher will provide some recommendations on how a person could avoid experiencing GAD. A generalized anxiety disorder is normally characterized with chronic anxiety or exaggerated worry or tension. (Haines, 2005) In the process, people who are going through GAD are normally restless, easily fatigue and irritable. (Medscape Medical News, 2003) In fact, most of these patients often expect serious problems to happen with regards to their health, money, family life including their work or school activities and performance. The problem with GAD is that patients are unable to control the degree of their worrying. In most cases, extreme worrying, fear and anxiety significantly affect the normal functioning of their everyday life. months. (Robins and Regier, 1991) Several studies also reveal that GAD can be triggered by a person’s genes (Kendler et al., 1992) or the abnormal level of neurotransmitters in the brain. (Stephens, 2005) Environmental factors such as the death of a loved one, divorce cases, losing or changing jobs or schools and any other traumatic and stressful situations like physical, mental or emotional abuse could trigger the presence of GAD. People who are suspected to experience GAD are normally diagnosed through questioning of their medical history combined with physical examination. (Haines, 2005) Basically, there is not laboratory test that could diagnose GAD. Instead, physicians normally base their diagnosis by looking for any signs of physical illness and the causes, duration, and seriousness of these symptoms. Among the common symtoms of GAD includes stiff muscle, inability to relax, irritability, insomia and other physical symtoms like fatigue, trembling, muscle tension, headache and irritability. (Stephens, 2005) GAD is commonly treated either through proper medication particularly the benzodiazepines or tranquilizers such as Valium, Ativan, Librium and Xanax. Other pharmacological drugs

How does stress affect child development?

How does stress affect child development? The early years present us with a window of opportunity to enhance development; we also need be aware of times of vulnerability when the brain is affected by adverse experiences. (Landy, 2009, p.29) This is a passage taken out from Landy, Pathway to Competence; encouraging social and emotional development in young children. From her book, we see evidence of how children can be influenced through different experiences. Stress for instance, can have significant adverse effects on how children develop whether physically, mentally and socially. Children display changes in their physical well-being when under stress such as, getting sick frequently, and weak immune systems. Illness in children due to weak immune system impacts the mental developmental stage as children experience high levels of stress affected by trauma and abuse that influences their brain in dramatic ways. As the childs brain experiences dramatic changes, it also affects the social developmental stages and plays an impa ct on the childs behaviour. We often see children who are abused at home would normally exhibit peculiar behaviours that would affect them negatively with their social relationship. These developmental stages are interrelated with each other; usually interference in one area would frequently mean delays with the others. Hence it is important to provide a nurturing environment that promotes balance with all stages of development. How does stress has adverse effects with children physically? Stress is the physiological and psychological responses to perceived threat. (Weiten, 2004, p.529). Stress is often times related to bad experience; this is the general public assumption. The fact is that stress can be good or bad. The body response to stress by pumping the heart faster to increase blood flow to our muscles so we have better strength, bronchioles in the lungs are dilated so we can breathe better, pupils are dilated so we see better (Sympathetic nervous system, 2010). Stress in a positive aspect normally puts children in a stage of alertness, which can help them focus. When children are focused, they can learn and they will be better at retaining information, they will have appropriate responses; all in all, stress can be a good thing as it leads to positive brain development. Prolonged exposure to stress however will also have critical undesirable effects on children and their brain. Stress response includ es reducing peristalsis movement in the gastrointestinal tract, decreased urine secretion and triggered releases of the hormones cortisol and adrenaline. (Gould, 2006, p. 218). Adrenaline and cortisol both play an important role in stress physiology. Adrenaline and cortisol suppressed immune system, additionally; cortisol also suppressed physical growth and affects many aspects of brain activities, including memory and emotion. (Victor G. Carrion, Carl F. Weems, and Allan L. Reiss, 2007) Due to the prolonged exposure of stress, children can get sick frequently from all sort of infection due to suppressed immune system; unable to heal properly due to malnourishment and delay or undergrowth from excessive adrenaline and cortisol hormones. These hormones cause childrens brain to under develop leading to their physical development being delayed. Positive stress in childrens physical development will lead to healthy overall development of the child. Stress in early development can either have positive effects or be extremely destructive of brain organization and development. (Landy, 2009) The structural organization of the brain from early childhood helps shape and defines a person. According to Doctor Perry, in his article regarding traumatized children, children reflect the world in which they are raised. If that world is characterized by threat, chaos, unpredictability, fear and trauma, the brain will reflect that by altering the development of the neural systems involved in the stress and fear response. (Perry, 2000, p48-51) As mentioned above, stress response from our body triggers the release of the hormone cortisol. The prolong secretion of the hormone cortisol can affect the cells activity in our body; which mean children who are under stress constantly are at higher risk of developing genetic disorder, both mental and physical. (Landy, 2009) The brain consists of many different circuits and pathways of neurons connecte d to each other; it can be extremely sensitive to any disturbance. Long term stress can rewire the brain, leaving affected individual more vulnerable to anxiety and depression. (Smith, Gill, Segal, 2009) Extended period of stress can cause part of the brains to weaken, for example, the hippocampus in the limbic system, which is an area of the brain that is responsible for memory and information processing, can become smaller. (Smith, Gill, Segal, 2009) There are cases of abused children who have limbic system abnormalities; Research has shown that abused children or children who are suffered from post traumatic stress disorder have smaller hippocampus, due the degeneration of dendrites in the hippocampus area. (Lundback, 1997) Dendrites are the branches of neurons which are important for conducting information through all parts of the brain and body. Children who are under chronic stress may show signs of fatigue, loss of appetite, disinterest, short attention span, difficulty und erstanding or retaining information, and the list goes on. All these factors will reflect on childrens brain their mental development; as they are unable to stabilize due to the stress in their environment that they are being exposed to. Negative emotions related to stress are often manifested through behaviours. Stress may cause disruptive behaviours such as problem with controlling impulses, which may end with children hurting themselves or hurting other children around them (Nemours Foundation, 1995-2010). Children who have no self control may not have a sense of time, may be prone to throwing temper tantrums, display aggression towards others. Stress may also causes changes in behaviour. Children under stress change their behaviour and react by doing things that are not in keeping with their usual styles. (Nemours Foundation, 1995-2010) As mentioned aggressive children may take out their frustration on other children around them; behaviours with hitting, biting, kicking, pushing, forcefully taking other toys are normal in children who are suffering from stress. Children who are stressed may show disinterest towards many things; they lose focus in school, withdrawn and no interest of new friendship, unable to func tion independently, may exhibit fears and timid toward their surroundings and are unable to form social relationship. Other children may shun them for their aggressive behaviours, wary of their disruptive behaviours, or may not want to socialize with them because of the lack of responses. The lack of social support may eventually lead the children who also suffer from stress to depression. If a child leaps to depression the brain is unable to relay messages to different parts of the brain which in return leads the child to unable to process information to making positive decisions in the social aspect. There are interventions available for children who suffer from stress. First and foremost, parents must realize there is something wrong with their children. The presence of sensitive and responsive caregivers can help equip children with the tools needed to handle stress in a healthy manner. (Gunnar, Herrera, Hostinar, 2009) Parents must be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress. Once a parent realizes their children are in need of help, parents should continue to provide care. Care givers may help children meet basic care by making sure they are eating adequately, sleep, eliminates, and maintains personal cleanliness. (Valfre, 2009, p.142) Often times parents or caregivers are the only people who can provide love and acceptance, no matter how peculiar the behaviours of the children may be. Each child is capable of doing something. Parents or care givers can help them find something to do; encourage them to think of ideas that help them reduce their stress. Encourage yo ung children to grow and to reach for higher levels of functions, to strive for more. (Valfre, 2009, p.143) Children who can actively contribute ideas can help them build confidence and reduce stress. Children who found something to help with their stress would feel that their situation is not so hopeless after all. Encourage self care and independence help children grow and develop. (Nemours Foundation, 1995-2010) Parents and care givers should be there to listen, provide assistance when needed, and limit stress situations as much as possible. It is normal to be anxious when parents see their children under stress, and as parents and care givers, it is normal to want to fix their problems. However this will not help them in the long run. Instead, parents and care givers should focus on helping them with their problem solving skills, helping them grow. The least but not the last, parents or care givers should be there when their children need them. Kids dont always feel like talking about whats bothering them. Sometimes thats OK. Let your kids know youll be there when they do feel like talking. Even when kids dont want to talk, they usually dont want parents to leave them alone.(Nemours Foundation, 1995-2010) Stress can have adverse effects in developing children. Consequences of unmanaged childhood stress are linked to physical, emotional and behavioural difficulties that adversely influence all aspects of development, often leading to lifelong problems.(Landy, 2009) It is essential for parents, care givers or teachers to realize when a child is in need. Early intervention can often prevent serious complications. Children should have a chance to grow in an environment which will help their brains develop. The brain is an essential part of humans in which the proper development in the early years of childhood is essential to healthy brain. The early years of life constitute a particularly sensitive period during which chronic stress may lead to dysregulation of the stress system and may compromise brain development. (Gunnar, Herrera, Hostinar, 2009) After all, according to Nash, Rich experiences in another word really do produce rich brain. References Berk, L.E. (2002). Infants, children, and adolescents. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. (Berk, 2002) Gould, B.E. (2006). Pathophysiology for the health professionals. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. (Gould, 2006) Gunnar, M.R, Herrera, A, Hostinar, C.E. (2009). Stress and early brain development. Manuscript submitted for publication, Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development, University Of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA. Retrieved March 1, 2010 from http://www.ccl-cca.ca/pdfs/ECLKC/encyclopedia/Enc09_Gunnar-Herrera-Hostinar_brain_en.pdf (Gunnar, Herrera, Hostinar, 2009) Jewett, J, Peterson, K. (2002, December). Stress and young children. Retrieved March 1, 2010 from http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/disorders/childstress.html (Jewett, Peterson, 2002) Landy, S. (2009). Pathways to competence: encouraging healthy social and emotional development in young children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing and Co. (Landy, 2009) Longenbaker, S. (2007). Maders understanding human anatomy physiology. Toronto: McGraw-Hill. (Longenbaker, 2007) Lundback, . (1997). Brain explorer focus on brain disorders anxiety disorders aetiology. Retrieved March 3, 2010 from http://www.brainexplorer.org/anxiety/Anxiety_Aetiology.shtml (Lundback, 1997) Valfre, M. (2009). Foundations of mental health care. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. (Valfre, 2009) Nemours Foundation. (1995-2010). Helping kids cope with stress. Retrieved March 3, 2010 from http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/talk/stress_coping.html Perry, B.D. Traumatized children: How childhood trauma influences brain development. In: The Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill11:1, 48-51, 2000 Smith, M, Gill, E.J, Segal, J. (2009, July). Understanding stress signs, symptoms, causes, and effects. Retrieved March 2, 2010 from http://www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_signs.htm#authors (Smith, Gill, Segal, 2009) Sympathetic nervous system. (2010, March 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 2, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sympathetic_nervous_systemoldid=349741366 (Sympathetic nervous system, 2010) The Franklin Institute. (1994-2009). The Human brain-stress. Retrieved March 2, 2010 from http://www.fi.edu/learn/brain/stress.html (The Franklin Institute, 1994-2009) Victor G. Carrion, Carl F. Weems, and Allan L. Reiss. Stress Predicts Brain Changes in Children: A Pilot Longitudinal Study on Youth Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the Hippocampus. Pediatrics, Mar 2007; 119: 509 516. Retrived March 5, 2010 from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/119/3/509. Weiten, W. (2004). Psychology: Themes and Variations. Toronto: Thomson Nelson Learning. (Weiten, 2004)

Research Project Encryption :: Encryption Writing Code Privacy Essays

Research Project Encryption Should the US government limit the strength of encryption products to eavesdrop on people’s everyday life? I remember exchanging secret letters with my friends in Japan as a child. We developed a code in which each letter of the Japanese alphabet was replaced by the one that follows it. For example, if we had used English, "Z" would have been replaced by "A". Each of us had the key to understanding this code but outsiders didn’t, so we didn’t have to worry if one of our brothers intercepted our letters. We loved our secret communications. These letters actually used a simple kind of encryption, not so different from the one Julius Caesar used for the secret messages he sent his Roman generals throughout Europe. He, also, didn’t worry if his enemies stole the messages because without the key, they couldn’t read them. Today, as well, encryption is used to hide sensitive information. It is used not only by spies but also for common telecommunications, such as faxes and e-mails. Encryption is also important for many everyday uses like Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) for bank account, credit card security and access to controlled areas in buildings. Encryption ensures privacy by keeping things behind a locked door of sorts. But what happens if there is something dangerous, very dangerous behind that locked door? What if the information that is being kept private and secure is a potential threat to the safety of others? What if my friends and I had been plotting to blow up our school or to plan a way to hurt our brothers? Shouldn’t our parents have had a way to know what we were conspiring? In other words, how private should private be? This is the question central to a brewing controversy between privacy advocates and the U.S. Federal government. Legal, professional, and ethical issues are being debated as are the limits that can or should be placed on developing encryption technologies. At stake are personal freedoms, the privacy of financial and medical records, as well as the fate of entire, nascent industries in the high-tech world. The system of encryption To start off the examination of this complex topic, let’s start with the definition of encryption: a process of disguising a message so that only its legitimate recipient can understand it. There are two steps to the encryption process, the first of which is also called encryption, and the second which is decryption.

Traditional Capsules

Traditional capsules formulations Consists of a 2 piece hard gelatin shell, with a powder blend. Typical formulation would be:- Active Diluent Glidant Lubricant Wetting agent Capsules have advantages as oral dosage forms: Easy to administer, simpler formulations (Vs tablets-fewer stability problems) Taste/ odour masking Potentially good bioavailability Liquid filled capsules -Advantages 1. Dose Uniformity In a powder capsule for potent drug choice the problems are achieving homogenous mix at the required scale of scrutiny. To overcome this problem we could formulate as a solution; 100% homogenous.Filling liquids also avoids problems of poor powder flow; if this occurs during filling, can lead to variation of fill weight. (with a 1% possible) . 2. Patient safety compliance/consumer preference Softgel capsule shel soft/flexlble; popular dosage form, due to ; Ease of swallowing Absence of taste Convenience (portable, robust) Soft gels capsules can be formulated to be taken In different ways; Chewable or lozenges Twist-offs (with a tag allows access to contents) 3. Increased Bioavailability Dissolution of drug from solid state (I. e formulated as an ordinary tab/cap) can be rate limiting step.This often true for non-polar drugs. But In llquld fill cap, drug Is In a form from which It can be absorbed rapidly. Drug being In solution has additional advantage (I. e Vs tablet, fro low solublllty drug) Reduces varlablllty of drug plasma levels (between patients) 4. Safety Powder processing of very potent or cytoxlc drug hazardous; dust contamination avoided by solution. 5. Olly/low melting point drugs Dlffllcult to make Into † normal† tab/cap (drug could partly melt during compression) 6. Product stablllty Drug can be protected against 02/H20 by using llpld vehicle and soft gel shell.Considerations for Capsule shell Having llquld In direct contact with the shell -more potential for formulation -pack Interaction, particularly affecting Integrity. Therefore, an y trace of water cannot be used because water dissolves gelatin hence won't work. Llqulds can be filled Into Dotn sort ana nara cap- out OITTerent conslaeratlons apply. can't necessarlly Till same formulation into both types, need to think about composition of the shell itself (gelatin) Gelatin for Hard Capsules Main problem Liquid fill hard gel caps is; Residual moisture loss†¦. rom the shell into the formulation Hydrogels require 13% to 6% level of moisture, to retain strength. Hence hygroscopic solvents cannot be used as excipients in liquid filled caps since they might take up some water. E. g ethanol, liquid PEG, glycerol, PG. (all these cannot be used for hard capsule) During preformulations studies, we have to check that excipients are compatible with shell. Excipients that can be used for hard capsule; Lipophilic liquids/semi solids e. g arachis, castor, olive oils. Also some surfactants & emulsifiers. As an alternative, could consider HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulos e) caps.Residual water not so important for integrity of shell, so wider range of olvents may be possible. Gelatin for soft capsules â€Å"Formulation† of soft gel caps themselves are different to hardgel . Typically the gelatin plus: Plasticiser ( to give flexibility). Often 20-30% Glycerol is frequently used Water; lower residual level than hardcaps, 5-8% Colourant /opacifier Lower water level needed for the soft caps means ; hydrophilic solvents e. g. PEG 400can be used unlike for hard gels. (but need to be aware of migration into shell) Manufacture of Hardgel Caps In brief, Formulation is pumped into bottom half of shell, then cap is replaced.Issues for manu. Hardgel caps Formulation viscosity (liquid & semi solid possible) Temperature of filling Sealing of capsule shell afterwards NB: Therefore need to consider physical aspects of formulation, as well as filling equipment available. Rheological Considerations Simplest formulation is a solution in which active dissolves, at room temp. Very precise control of filling possible. In-soluble active If active is not soluble, could consider using elevated temperatures, up to 70Deg. Celcius. (Above this could damage the shell) But when the temperature falls again, inside the shell drug would re-precipitate at RT.As a consequence resulting particle size will be important (bioavailability). Another problem; Recrystallized/suspended drug inside capsule shell wil; have a potential to cake re â€Å"normal† suspension, could get crystal growth. t Is posslDle to Till a suspenslon out tnen anotner proDlem to solve; May oe a to keep homogenous, during filling. 2 Alternatives for insoluble drugs; 1 . Thixotrpic gel; Undergoes shear thinning during mixing/filling. so then enough to but gel resets in capsule Typical formulation- Lipophilic solvent (oil) *gel-former (e. g. silicon dioxide).Silicon ioxide only forms a gel in a lipophilic environment. 2. Thermosoftened system Formulation is a liquid or suspension a t (elevated) filling temperature, but solid or semi solid at RT. Typically based on a high molecular PEG, eg PEG 10,000 (soft but solid) If drug crystallises, will need to consider resulting particle size as previously. Manu. Of Hardgell caps cont'd a)Filling- Hardgell caps On a development (small) scale, can use a syringe. Large-scale machines use volumetric pumps- hopper and nozzle can be heated. Up to 100,000 caps/hr possible.

Resume Tips Part 3 Words and Phrases to Delete from Your Resume

Resume Tips Part 3 Words and Phrases to Delete from Your Resume Choosing the right wording on your resume is very important. Some words pack a punch, and some leave the reader wanting more information. For the final segment in my resume tips series, well focus on two verbs that dont have much power: â€Å"Assisted† and â€Å"Helped.† On one list of recommended resume verbs, Power Verbs for Your Resume from The University of Iowas Pomerantz Career Center, the verbs assisted and helped are listed under a very specific category: Helping. That is the only place where these verbs belong! You should delete these words from your resume and use more powerful verbs. Take a look at some examples below. Telling us on your resume that you assisted somebody with something is only as informative as you make it. Honestly, I do not care that you assisted on a film shoot. I want to know that you held a camera or a boom; that you ordered pizza (or handled catering orders); or that you troubleshot in emergency situations. It is essential that you don’t get fooled into thinking that Assisted and Helped are always power verbs. They often just lead to vague and uninteresting bullets. Instead of Helped Example #1 Compare: a. Helped artists and network personnel. b. Accompanied artists to television appearances and mediated between the artists and network personnel. Instead of Assisted Example #2 Compare: a. Assisted with small claims cases. b. Handled all phases of collection and litigation of small claims cases. Attended small claims court; directed court clerk and court commissioner regarding what action to take on firm’s cases. Version b. in both cases is much more interesting and descriptive than version a. When Helped and Assisted are Appropriate There are limited situations in which it can be appropriate to use the words assisted or helped. For example: a. Helped disabled adults to perform simple job tasks at their job locations. b. Assisted elderly residents with their personal and financial recordkeeping. Note in these last two examples, that although there might be other ways to phrase the bullets, we are not left wondering, â€Å"Well, what did you do exactly to help or assist?† Take a look at your resume. Did you find the words â€Å"Helped† or â€Å"Assisted†? If so, can you be more specific about what you did? Draw us a picture. We want to know. For more resume tips and writing assistance, go to The Essay Experts Resume Writing Services. We can help you choose the right words for a powerful resume that gets results.

The Best Way to Plan a Marketing Performance Management Process

The Best Way to Plan a Marketing Performance Management Process How do you get the most from your marketing team? The most productivity. The most team satisfaction. The most success overall, however you choose to define it. That’s all anyone managing a team wants, right? The answer starts with planning an effective performance management process. One that identifies your team’s goals, puts a plan in place to achieve them, and measures the results for future improvement. Putting that kind of plan into place isn’t a simple task. But, with this straightforward guide, you can put yourself and your team on the right path to be more productive. Now, this is a broad topic with lots of moving parts. In order to keep it digestible, practical, and actionable, this post will narrow down the steps you need to take to put an actual process into practice, without diving too deep into more theoretical aspects of management. Digestible, practical, and actionable intro into setting up a successful marketing performanceSnag Your Performance Management Checklist It’s easier to follow processes when you can break them down into a checklist. In fact, that’s something research supports. So, make implementing this process easier with a simple performance management checklist. When it comes time to evaluate marketing talent on your team, it’ll make it easier to know exactly what to look for, which questions to ask, and what to do next. What Does â€Å"Performance Management† Mean in Plain Language? In a marketing context, we can summarize this topic as such: Performance management is the intentional practice of ensuring every member of your marketing team meets individualized goals through thorough planning, monitoring, and commitment to continuous improvement. That’s it in as succinct terms as possible. What Does the Performance Management Process Look Like? Generally, this process moves in three phases: Planning: Setting goals, expectations, and a strategy moving forward. Execution: Acting to implement that strategy to meet desired goals up to expectations. Review: Periodically assessing progress toward goals and steps for improvement. Which Performance Management Tools Do Marketing Teams Need? Get the right tools for the job. For this particular task, here are some recommendations: : An all-in-one marketing management platform for keeping teams and projects organized. Use Team Tab to manage team performance, and Team Performance Reports to objectively measure real productivity. Excel: Much of what marketing teams would typically use Excel for team planning-wise can be achieved with . However, this remains a staple option that’s essentially free (in that it’s a paid product, but your company is probably already paying for it). Evernote: Useful for building checklists and storing documentation. Integrates seamlessly with . This covers the basics. What’s Needed for Success? Everything starts with setting the right goals. At a high level, it should achieve (at least) the following three things. Ensuring Everyone Does Their Best Work Ultimately, this is what it’s all about: getting the most from your team. Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses Everyone has both, and it’s important to understand where every team members lies in each area. Providing Constructive Feedback No one can improve without knowing where to focus their efforts. When constructive feedback is communicated clearly, you can set expectations on how things need to change before the next time you meet to talk about goals. Celebrate Wins It’s important to be transparent when communicating areas that need improvement. But, it’s also important to appreciate successes and make sure team members know when they’re doing well. That helps build positive momentum that leads to further success. Getting Started With Planning Excellence doesn’t happen by accident, it happens by choice, and it starts with solid planning. Start a Trial or Schedule a Demo This post will cover managing your team using . If you’re not a customer, consider starting a trial or scheduling a demo. Otherwise, you may need to substitute in other software to complete some of the following steps. Add Your Team Members to Next, add each team member into . This is easy to do quickly. Understanding the Team Now, there are some things that need to be made clear between management, HR, department leads, and team members. Each team member’s purpose. What is their actual role and value to your marketing team? This has likely been summarized in your job descriptions, but if they’re out of date or the team member has outgrown that definition, it may be time for a role switch or promotion. Responsibilities and priorities. What are the most important things this employee needs to get done? Performance expectations. In order to keep your team on track to meet its goals, what results does each team member need to produce? Recommended Reading: How To Lead A Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With 3 Proven Ways To Ease Cross-Functional Team Collaboration Determining Future Vision Set up a meeting with each team member to figure out where they’d like to go in the future (and to set performance goals accordingly).

Critical Claim Paper-appeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Claim Paper-appeal - Essay Example ?This Chanel advertisement suggests that women can only attain power, if they fully submit to the sexual desires of men.† I used irony in my thesis. The ad indicates that women receive power, only after giving it away, by allowing their sexual commodification. Second, I presented enough support for my claim. Each of the topic sentence supports the idea that the ad is about sexual submission, the only way women get power over men. Moreover, I substantiated my supporting points by describing the text and making meaningful connections with my claim. For example, in the second paragraph, I used the terms â€Å"Middle Eastern signs and colors,† and afterwards, I described what I am referring to, such as the golden motifs and symbols that are typical to Middle Eastern design. I applied the notion of Orientalism because of the presence of sexual oppression of women as the â€Å"other.† Third, I used enough transition sentences to make my point, while having little gramma r or spelling mistakes. The comments did not note any gross mistakes in grammar and spelling. As for the transition sentences, I used transition signs, such as â€Å"furthermore† within paragraphs. Between paragraphs, I should have employed clearer transitions. I aim for my grade to be reconsidered. It is not exceptional enough to get a 5, but I presented an interesting and clear claim about an ad that sexualizes women, where I analyzed it in ways that support my thesis, primarily through depicting symbolic

Discuss the major problems facing elderly in China and how does the Essay

Discuss the major problems facing elderly in China and how does the government solve these problems - Essay Example Facts and discussion presented in this paper are basically meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that â€Å"the old people in China are having grave socioeconomic problems due to the increasing rate of old population and the Chinese government is profoundly concerned about this issue.† In my opinion, this state or claim is unequivocally based on a factual and reality-based approach, which is backed up by authentic research reports that are discussed in this paper. 2. Major problems faced by the old Chinese community: It is mentioned in (Chinese Culture, 2011) that the population of old people over 60 years of age is about 128 million which suggests the existence of one old Chinese over 60 years in every ten people, and this rate of old population is the largest in the whole world. (Central News Agency, 2007) claims that the rate of old population is thought to increase up to 400 million in 2037. Naturally, the grave socioeconomic scenarios experienced are bound to be mo re exploiting and destructive with the growing number of old citizens. It is suggested by Wenfan (cited in Chinese Culture, 2011) that most of the problems are resulting from the shattered family structure. In old times, old parents used to be the utmost responsibility of their mid aged children and they always took great care to look after their myriad psychological and financial needs along with encouraging them to share the same house. Now, with excessive competitiveness and increased materialistic approach, meaning of relationships is getting fast forgotten with the result that none of the kids remain behind with their parents. (LaFraniere, 2011) mentions that more than half of the old Chinese population lives separately because younger generations are moving away from their old parents. Shortage of money is the biggest problem that the old Chinese population has to deal with and this problem is potentially capable of bringing with itself myriad critical psychological pressures. 3. Better accommodation facilities for old people ensured at governmental level: The accommodation problems are worth mentioning that were quite significant in the past but are gradually lessening now. With urbanized lifestyle getting famous in the adult children, they are increasingly worried by the heavy burden of their parents. That is why they choose to live separately at their own places. They are themselves found too preoccupied with their own problems, let alone coping with the needs of the old parents. Therefore, more and more old Chinese people are left alone and they deserve better and cheaper accommodation facilities. It is mentioned by (Xiao, 2011) that â€Å"few overseas enterprises have invested in China's vast market for care of the elderly.† Affording the best old houses was not imaginable for the elderly people a few years back, but now more and more old Chinese people reportedly return from abroad so that they can spend the rest of their lives in their own country. Efforts made at governmental level have brought a noticeable change. â€Å"The thought of returning home and purchasing a house to spend their remaining years has attracted an increasing number of Chinese people who are currently living abroad.† (Overseas Chinese Network, 2009). More combined and strengthened efforts from the families, the local communities,